3/20/2023 0 Comments Etc defaults grub![]() There is also a /etc/default/grub.d directory. The default GRUB configuration file is located at /etc/default/grub. If you want to make some permanent changes to GRUB, such as changing the default timeout, you can change the configuration file after you boot into your Linux system. GRUB configuration fileĪny changes you make to GRUB from the menu interface is temporary. You can also enter the command line menu of GRUB using the “c” key at the GRUB menu interface. For example, in some cases, disabling the graphics driver from the kernel helps you with Linux system stuck at boot. This way, you can change the kernel parameters before loading it. You can edit a GRUB menu entry by pressing the “e” key. You can also choose to load a different kernel if your Linux distribution has more than one installed.ĭepending upon the configuration set by the Linux distribution, you may have some other entries on the GRUB menu. It allows you to choose which operating systems to boot, if there is more than one on your machine. The usual GRUB screen you see is its menu interface. systemd-Boot in Pop OS | Image Credit Accessing or editing GRUB Some distributions such as Pop OS, use the systemd-boot. You can guess that this is exclusively for systemd-based Linux distributions. There is also systemd-boot text-based boot manager. Customized rEFInd Boot Manager Screen | Image Credit There is the highly customizable rEFInd boot manager that some Linux users love. GRUB is the most popular boot manager for Linux. What are some other boot managing programs similar to GRUB? Under the advanced options, there is usually an older kernel version and recovery optionĪt the last, you may see an entry like System setup or UEFI Settings to access the BIOS settings of your system. You may also see a recovery option in Ubuntu based distribution. ![]() You can choose to boot into the older Linux kernels in case your system encounters any issue with the newly updated Linux kernel. When your Linux distribution updates the kernel version, it keeps at least one older version. If you see something like Advanced option, you can enter into it and find some lines starting with linux-generic-x-y-z etc. Usually, the first line is your Linux distribution. These lines will be different for different setups, different distributions. You’ll see a few lines on the Grub screen. What are those lines in Grub screen mean? Trivia: GRUB is acronym for GRand Unified Bootloader. First, let’s see other GRUB-like programs. GRUB is both a bootloader and a boot manager. In EFI capable systems, the firmware reads the EFI system partition (ESP) to locate the EFI files for boot information. In fact, any operating system that is capable of working the EFI system includes an EFI bootloader. With Linux kernel version 3.3, the Linux kernel includes a built-in EFI bootloader. A boot manager doesn’t load the OS directly, A boot manager program allows you to choose between operating systems, if there is more than one on your system. You already know that the bootloader starts first and then loads the kernel into memory and executes it. There is a blurry line between a bootloader and a boot manager. I didn’t want to confuse you at this stage but this topic needs to be introduced before going on. It loads the kernel of the operating system and then the kernel initializes the rest of the operating system: shell, display manager, desktop environment, etc. A bootloader is the first software that runs when a computer starts. It is the most common bootloader for Linux distributions. GRUB is a complete program for loading and managing the boot process. I’ll also briefly touch upon the configuration and customization part. In this chapter of the Linux Jargon Buster series, I’ll tell you what Grub is and what is it used for. Yes, it is written in all capital letters. If you ever used a desktop Linux system, you must have seen this screen.
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